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Clients taking Lithium must monitor their water and salt intake primarily because Lithium is excreted by the kidneys, and its excretion can be influenced by the body's hydration status and electrolyte levels. When considering the effects of Lithium, it is crucial to understand that the kidneys regulate both Lithium and sodium, which are closely intertwined in terms of renal function.

If clients are dehydrated or have a low salt intake, the kidneys may retain Lithium to compensate, potentially leading to increased Lithium levels in the blood. This situation raises the risk of Lithium toxicity, which can have serious health consequences. Conversely, if someone is well-hydrated and has adequate salt intake, it can help in maintaining appropriate Lithium levels, reducing the possibility of toxicity.

Thus, monitoring water and salt intake is pivotal in managing Lithium therapy effectively, ensuring that the balance of these substances in the body supports the safe elimination of Lithium.